Which Birds Use Birdhouses? A Complete Guide
Have you ever put up a birdhouse, excited for a family of cardinals or robins to move in, only to be disappointed? You’re not alone! The truth is, only a specific type of bird will use an enclosed birdhouse. This guide will introduce you to the wonderful world of “cavity-nesting” birds and help you attract them to your yard.
The Great Divide: Cavity Nesters vs. Open Nesters
Birds fall into two main groups for nesting. Open Nesters, like Robins, Cardinals, and Blue Jays, build their familiar cup-shaped nests on tree branches, ledges, or in shrubs. They will never use an enclosed box.
Cavity Nesters, on the other hand, seek out protected hollows for their nests, like holes in dead trees. Birdhouses are artificial cavities designed specifically for these birds!
Meet the Cavity Nesters
House Wren
Eastern Bluebird
Black-capped Chickadee
Purple Martin
Tufted Titmouse
Tree Swallow
Screech Owl
The Key to Success: Match the House to the Bird!
The single most important factor for attracting a specific bird is the size of the entrance hole. A hole that is too big will let in predators and larger, aggressive birds. A hole that is too small will keep your target bird out. Here’s a quick reference:
- 1 1/8″ Hole: House Wrens, Chickadees
- 1 1/4″ Hole: Tufted Titmice, Nuthatches
- 1 1/2″ Hole: Eastern Bluebirds, Downy Woodpeckers, Tree Swallows
- 3″ Hole: Screech Owls, Kestrels